For centuries, armies have not only defended borders but also created unusual opportunities for outsiders to serve.
While most countries restrict military service to their own citizens, a handful still open the doors to foreigners whether to fill manpower gaps, honour historic treaties, or offer a path to citizenship.
Here are some countries where non-nationals can legally enlist and wear the uniform.
France
Perhaps the most famous of them all, the French Foreign Legion has been welcoming foreign recruits since 1831. Thousands of men from all over the world have served under its banner, signing up for initial contracts that usually run five years.
The Legion is part of the French Army but maintains its unique identity, often seen as a second chance for those seeking to rebuild their lives.
Recruitment is open year-round at centres in France, making it one of the most accessible options for foreign hopefuls.
India
Unlike the Legion in France, India does not run an open-door policy for foreigners. However, under long-standing treaties, citizens of Nepal and Bhutan can serve in the Indian Army.
In some cases, individuals of Indian origin from abroad may also be considered. Recent changes, including the Agnipath scheme introduced in 2022, have complicated these arrangements, Nepal has since suspended sending recruits under the short-term service rules.
United Kingdom
Britain has a long history of welcoming foreigners into its military, particularly from Commonwealth countries. Citizens of Nepal serve in the renowned Gurkha regiments under agreements that date back over two centuries.
While the rules shift depending on the country’s manpower needs, Commonwealth citizens are often eligible, though recent years have seen some restrictions and temporary closures for applicants outside specialist roles.
Ukraine
When Russia invaded in 2022, Ukraine responded by creating the International Legion. This force brought together thousands of foreign volunteers who wanted to support Ukraine’s defence.
While numbers vary, reports confirm that citizens from dozens of countries have joined, making it one of the largest examples of a modern wartime enlistment drive for outsiders.
Russia
In contrast to Ukraine, Russia also turned to foreign recruitment during its ongoing war. Since 2022, foreigners who join the Russian military can secure fast-track citizenship.
In 2025, Moscow further relaxed enlistment rules, broadening the categories of foreigners who could sign contracts during mobilisation. For many, this combination of military service and a passport is a strong incentive.
Israel
Israel’s Defence Forces (IDF) provide structured volunteer opportunities for foreigners, especially Jews and descendants of Jewish families. The Mahal program allows non-Israeli Jews and certain individuals with close ties to Israel to serve, usually for a limited time.
While the path is not open to all foreigners, it reflects Israel’s focus on heritage and cultural connection in its recruitment policy.
